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Archive for the ‘Travel Guide’ Category

La Caleta is a laid-back resort on the south coast of Tenerife. Just a short 10 minute drive from the larger and livelier Playa de las Americas, La Caleta offers a safe and friendly environment for great family holidays to the Canary Islands. With beautiful white sandy beaches, an array of water sports, excellent golf courses, a fishing harbour and a good choice of hotels and apartments, the resort has something for everyone.

La Caleta Tenerife

The beaches at La Caleta are perfect for relaxing in the sun or for the more energetic there are plenty of water sports to enjoy, including scuba diving, wind surfing, water-skiing and of course the family favourite banana boats. All along the waterfront there are restaurants and bars where you can enjoy a pleasant meal whilst watching the world pass by. Children will love splashing about in the little salt water pools, one even has a waterfall.

There are plenty of places to visit in and around La Caleta. La Caleta is usually quiet during the day, making this the ideal time for a quiet stroll to the beautiful beaches and designer shops at Bahia Del Durque. Take a daytime or evening beachfront walk from La Caleta, past Del Durque and Playa de las Americas and then on to

Mount Teide cable car

Playa de Los Cristianos. One of the best ways to explore the island is by hire car. A must do on your visit to Tenerife is a visit to Mount Teide, located about 15 miles from La Caleta. Standing at over 3,700 metres (12198ft), this is the tallest peak in Spain. A cable car takes visitors almost to the top of the volcanic mountain where they can take in stunning views and take amazing photos of the lunar like landscape of the surrounding National Park. Children will love a great day out at Playa de las Americas’ Aqua Park Octopus with its exciting rides, water chutes and dolphinarium.

Golfers will love the 27-hole Adeje Golf Course which is situated less than a mile from La Caleta. Opened in 1998 the course hosted the 2003 Spanish Open and due to the areas great weather, is ideal for a round or two

Adeje Golf Course

at virtually any time of the year.

La Caleta has a selection of restaurants from tavernas serving traditional Canarian food to restaurants serving international cuisine, Chinese and Indian meals. There are also lots of cafes and snack bars offering good snacks which are inexpensive. The local taverns and bars offer some evening entertainment but if you want a livelier party atmosphere you will need to head into Playa de las Americas where the beach is lined with discos and clubs.

The southern region of Tenerife enjoys the island’s sunniest weather with warm sunshine and clear blue skies at any time of the year. Take one of the late deals to La Caleta where the sun shines for 50 weeks of the year. May to October see temperatures over the 25C mark with around 9 hours of sunshine a day, with June, July and August seeing temperatures around the 30C mark with 10 hours of sunshine a day. The gentle Trade Winds ensure that the temperature is never uncomfortable. Evenings are warm enough to enjoy a cooling drink in the open air bars and relax over an al fresco meal at one of the resorts top-class restaurants.

Yaiza is an island town on the southern tip of the island of Lanzarote. This picturesque town, just a few minutes drive from the delightful beaches at Papagayo, has won several awards for cleanliness. Thanks to its southern location, Yaiza enjoys some of the best weather on the

Yaiza

island with less cloud and less wind than towns in the north. The town sees average annual temperatures of 21C, dropping to around 19C with 6 hours of sunshine in December, making Yaiza the perfect choice for your winter sun holidays to the Canary Islands. The area offers hotel and apartment accommodation to suit all budgets, beautiful beaches and lots of things to do and see on your bargain holidays to Lanzarote.

The town of Yaiza has a quaint central square with a 17th century church, Iglesia Nuestra Senora de los Remedios. This pretty church has been loving restored and is home to some very fine religious carvings and paintwork. You will also find a cultural centre, art galleries and shops in the town.

There are some beautiful beaches which are easily accessible from Yaiza including Playa del Papagayo, the peaceful Playa Blanca and Puerto del Carmen. Water sports, including scuba diving, snorkelling, jet-skiing,

Papagayo Lanzarote

water-skiing, windsurfing, sailing and fishing, are all available from the beaches. Boat trips to the neighbouring island of Fuerteventura are available from the harbour at Playa Blanca.

Away from the beaches there is plenty to see and do. Yaiza makes an excellent base for wine-lovers to visit the areas noted vineyards and to sample some of Lanzarotes finest wines. Follow the islands Wine Routes and tour the vineyards and cellars before enjoying a tasting session of the island’s best vintages. Lanzarote has an amazing volcanic landscape which was shaped by the activity of over 300 volcanoes which have laid dormant for hundreds of years. A visit to Timanfaya National Park, just a few miles from Yaiza, will give visitors an insight into how the island was formed. The park, which can be reached by the Volcanic Route from Yaiza, covers one third of Lanzarote and is the result of lava flowing from volcanoes over 250 years ago. The whole family will love exploring the volcanic caves and an exhilarating camel ride along the special camel route which runs through the park. For some culture a visit to the picturesque old town of Teguise is a must on your direct holidays to Lanzarote. Once the islands capital, Teguise is home to a traditional square, a castle built on the top of a volcanic core, historic churches and convents, beautiful ornate aristocratic houses and a water park. For

Timanfaya National Park

golf enthusiasts there are two courses to choose from. The 18-hole course in Tias is just 15 minutes from Yaiza while the other course is 25 minutes away in Costa Teguise. A great way to discover the natural beauty of the island is on a pony trek for all levels of competence.

Yaiza is a popular base for walking and hiking holidays. This is an ideal way to discover the wonderful volcanic landscape, spectacular scenery, quaint authentic villages and beautiful beaches on an island with an ideal climate.

Because of its ideal location on the southern tip of Lanzarote, Yaiza enjoys some of the best weather on the island. Spring months see highs of 21C and are an excellent time for exploring the island. Summer months see 9 hours of sunshine everyday with temperatures of 24C-27C with virtually no rain at all. Although temperatures drop in the winter, Yaiza still enjoys temperatures around 19C with 6 hours of sunshine a day making holidays in December a great choice for sightseeing and getting out and about.

Puerto Naos is located on La Palma’s sunny west coast. Once a landing place for banana boats, this traditional fishing village is one of two holiday resorts on the islands west coast. Sitting under volcanic cliffs, the resort is a relaxing place with good accommodation, restaurants, bars and shops. There is just one hotel in Puerto Naos which is located on a banana plantation and offers a wealth of facilities. There are also

Puerto Naos

apartment complexes which offer last minute holiday deals to the resort. Away from the beach the town of Puerto Naos consists of a few streets and a boulevard with restaurants, bars and shops. There are plenty of inexpensive restaurants in Puerto Naos which serve a whole range of cuisine including traditional Canarian dishes, Asian and international options. Apart from the beautiful beaches, La Palma has plenty to keep the whole family occupied including scuba diving, paragliding, horse riding, mountain biking, boat trips and lots of walking and hiking trails.

The main attraction of Puerto Naos is long black volcanic beach which stretches for nearly half a mile along the coast. Backed by palm trees which offer some welcome shade, this is the longest beach on La Palma and is ideal for sunbathing under the clear blue sky. Lapped by the warm Atlantic Ocean, the beach at Puerto Naos has been awarded a European Blue

Puerto Naos beach

Flag. This west coast area is well known for its beautiful sandy beaches with Playa de Charco Verde situated close to Puerto Naos. The islands only nudist beach, Playa de las Monjas, is located just to the south of Puerto Naos.

Puerto Naos has a great climate that allows you to scuba dive at any time of the year. The clear Atlantic Ocean enables divers to explore the underwater volcanic formations, caves, canyons, tunnels and chimneys. For an experience you will never forget take a night dive and discover this amazing underwater world.

The Taburiente Caldera National Park is not to be missed on your cheap holidays to Puerto Naos. Located just over 6 miles from the resort, this national park is the fourth to be established in Spain. The park is the site of a gigantic six mile long volcanic

Taburiente Caldera National Park

rock wall, the islands highest point the Roque de los Muchachos and an amazing collection of flowers and plants. Also worth a visit is the west coasts main town of Llanos de Aridane. Just less than four miles from Puerto Naos this charming little town is home to some beautifully preserved buildings complete with traditional Canarian wooden carved balconies.

Nightlife is provided by the bars and the islands only hotel and is very low-key compared to the other Canary Islands but is still considered fairly lively for La Palma.

From May until the end of November temperatures are around 25˚C, peaking at 30˚C during July, August and September, with May to October basking in up to 10 hours of sunshine a day. Winter sees temperatures in December around 23˚C making Puerto Naos a great choice for a winter holiday. Puerto Naos sees very little rainfall, about one day a month from June till September but increasing slightly during the winter months. Sea temperatures are also high, reaching over 20˚C from June till the end of September. Occasionally, maybe once or twice a year, Puerto Naos experiences a weather phenomenon called the Calima. This phenomenon occurs when hot, dry desert winds from the Sahara sweep across the island pushing the temperature up to around 40˚C. However these occurrences don’t last long and should not spoil your visit to Puerto Naos.

Separated from the rest of the island, The Jandia peninsula is located in the south of Fuerteventura and is easily reached via a major motorway. The peninsula is a nature reserve and is renowned for having the best beaches on the island. The nature reserve is home to protected wildlife and plants and is surrounded by white rolling sand dunes and stunning lagoons. This beautiful area of Fuerteventura is a firm favourite with honeymooners, couples and families looking for quiet and relaxing holidays amidst stunning scenery.

Jandia coastline

The island of Fuerteventura has over 125 miles of golden sandy beaches. Jandia offers over 12 miles of coastline with beautiful white sandy beaches which in some places are over half a mile wide. There are smaller less accessible secluded beaches along the coastline but these can only be reached by jeep or 4 wheel drive vehicles.

Home to the resorts of Costa Calma and Morra Jable, Jandia has developed into a popular tourist destination with large hotels catering for all types of visitor. Spread along the coast on the Playa de Sotavento, Costa Calma is very popular with German tourists and has a beautiful beach where the sand gently shelves into the Atlantic. Swimming conditions here are perfect. Just south of Costa Calma is the resort of Morro Jable. Once a small fishing village the resort is becoming increasingly popular with holidaymakers looking for last minute holiday deals to Fuerteventura. With all types of accommodation from luxury hotels to welcoming lodges, Morro Jable has a promenade lined with restaurants, cafes, bars and shops. The Playa del Matorral beach here is along expanse of beautiful white sand with a lighthouse which signifies

Morro Jable promenade

the start of the nudist section of the beach.

A perfect windsurfing spot, Jandia hosts the World Windsurfing Championships every year. Other water sports on offer include scuba diving, water-skiing and kite-surfing.

Away from the beach a great way to explore the island is by jeep, visiting the many traditional villages on your way around the island. Jandia National Park, with over 6000 acres of beautiful beaches, is an amazing place to visit on your late deals to Fuerteventura. For the more energetic a walk to the highest point on the island, Pico de Zarza, will give you amazing views across the island and out to sea. The walk takes around 5 hours and is quite strenuous but the journey back down is much easier and quicker as it is mostly downhill! Visitors can enjoy a round or two of golf at the golf course which is nestled in the hills of Morro Jable. For a great family day out catch the ferry that the runs from the port in Morro Jable to the island of Gran Canaria.

Nightlife tends to be low key and mainly centred around the hotels or at the restaurants, cafes and bars along the beach front. There is plenty of choice when it comes to dining out in Jandia with a good selection of restaurants serving a variety of cuisine including traditional tapas, Italian and German food, and good old British roasts.

Jandia enjoys an all year round stable climate with hot dry summers and warm winters. With the sun shining all year round temperatures in July and August often reach 30C and even the colder winter months still see temperatures around 20C with very little rainfall. From May until October the temperature rarely falls below 25C and together with around 7 hours of sunshine a day and perfect sea temperature this is the perfect time for a beach holiday in Jandia.

Matagorda is located near to Puerto del Carmen and close to Lanzarote airport. The resorts small sandy Blue Flag beach is popular with windsurfers as it enjoys favourable winds and fast-running tides. The soft golden sands and clear blue Atlantic Sea are just perfect for beach holidays in the sun. If you are looking for a great range of water sports then the beach at Playa de los Pocillos, which also has a Blue Flag for its

Matagorda

facilities, cleanliness and water quality, is the place to visit. Puerto Del Carmen also offers a host of water sports including snorkelling, windsurfing and parascending. Matagorda offers all types of accommodation from economy to high quality hotels, as well as bed and breakfast and self catering options. The resort is regarded by many as the cleanest and most attractive of all of Lanzarotes resorts.

Although the resort is a lot quieter than other resorts on the island, there is still plenty to do and see here. Matagorda has a variety of restaurants, cafes, bars and shops. There are some great restaurants in the main centre which serve a variety of cuisine including paella, fish, shellfish and international dishes.

A few miles from Matagorda is Puerto Calero where you can hire motorboats, take a trip on a catamaran to the beautiful beaches of Papagayo or take a ride on the Yellow Submarine. For those who like to shop there is the islands capital Arrecife which is

Yellow Submarine

located just to the east of Matagorda. Here you will find boutiques and fashion stores selling a vast range of duty-free goods. Arrecife is steeped in history and is home to some great museums and the 17th century Castillo De San Jose which is now a modern art gallery where you can enjoy a meal at the Cesar Manrique designed restaurant. If you are looking for a livelier atmosphere on your cheap holidays to Matagorda then Puerto del Carmen, located just a few miles away, is the place to visit. A long promenade with restaurants, shops and bars runs along the edge of the beach from Matagorda to Puerto Del Carmen and is great for an evening stroll in the warm evening air. Timanfaya National Park, a nature reserve with an epic rocky landscape, volcano and black volcanic beaches, is not far from the resort and makes a great day out for the whole family. Here at the reserve you can take in the magnificent views across the island and out to sea and enjoy a meal at the restaurant which uses heat direct from the earth’s core to cook your steak just how you like it. Another great day out is a visit to the Lanzarote Aquarium in Costa Teguise. The pools and tanks here house all types of marine life

Timanfaya National Park

including sharks, poisonous fire dragons, triggerfish, rays and clown fish.

If you are looking for relaxing summer or winter holidays to Matagorda there are always lots of holiday packages to choose from throughout the internet.

Playa Fanabe is located on the Costa Adeje in the south of Tenerife. The resort is less than two miles from Playa de las Americas and is popular with families and couples of all ages. With all types of accommodation available here there is something to suit everyone, from the very young to older visitors. The bustling town is a maze of tiny narrow streets lined with

Playa Fanabe

 restaurants serving all types of cuisine, bars and shops. The restaurants at nearby La Caleta serve some of the best and freshest seafood and fish dishes on the island.

The beach here is wide and sandy with lots of water sports on offer including scuba diving, snorkelling, surfing, sailing and deep sea fishing. Near the marina is the smaller Puerto Colon beach which is ideal for families and children. Relax with a quiet walk along the seafront, looking out over the Atlantic Ocean or savour the beautiful flower gardens of the nearby hotels. For a change from Playa Fanabe beach you can take a short 10 minute walk to the luxury resort of Bahia del Duque, popular with celebrities, or visit La Caleta beach and resort which is less than 2 miles away.

Nearby on the same stretch of coast as Playa Fanabe are Playa de las Americas and Playa los Cristianos where you will find plenty of lively nightlife, livelier beaches and lots of shops. For a round of golf or a family day out at a water park the resort of La Caleta is just five minutes from Playa Fanabe. Thanks to the excellent climate golf can be played here all year round. There is plenty to do in and around Playa Fanabe including dolphin and whale-watching trips, quad biking, horse riding, fishing and lots more.

Teide National Park

Enjoy a great family day out at the Teide National Park where you can take a cable car ride up the snow-capped Mount Teide and admire the amazing views of the coastline and the surrounding Canary Islands. Another great family day out is a visit to the Loro Parque with its killer whale, dolphin and sea lion shows. Visit the islands capital Santa Cruz, about a 45 minute drive away, for its culture, restaurants, shopping and great nightlife. Not to be missed on your bargain holidays is a trip to Los Gigantes where you will be amazes at the stunning views of the largest cliffs in Europe.

Due to all year round sunshine and temperatures that rarely dip below 20C,

Beach

 Playa Fanabe is the perfect choice for your holiday packages to Tenerife. Temperatures often reach 30C during the summer months but the trade winds ensure that the heat is not too excessive and humidity levels are low. From June through to September the sea temperature remains around 23C, ideal for swimming and water sports.

If golf is your passion then the Campo de Golf de Maspalomas on the island of Gran Canaria is the place for you. Situated at the southern-most point of the island and surrounded by the Maspalomas Dunes Nature Reserve, this golf course is the perfect location to practise your swing in beautiful surroundings.

Campo de Golf de Maspalomas

 The golf course is very long and flat with wide lanes and has hosted International events. Even on really hot days a round of golf is made totally enjoyable by the mild sea breezes.

Created by Mackenzie Ross, Campo de Golf is an 18-hole 73 par course which overlooks the sand dunes of Maspalomas and offers amazing views across the Atlantic Ocean. Fringed by palm groves the Campo de Golf also has a two-storey driving range, a putting green, restaurant and cafe. Visitors can hire clubs, bags and carts and take lessons here while on their Gran Canaria holidays.

Campo de Golf

The course is within easy reach of some great top-class hotels, beaches and up-market restaurants. The resorts of Maspalomas and Playa del Ingles are less than a mile and a half from the course. Enjoy a round of golf in the morning and then relax on the beach in the afternoon.

Campo de Golf de Maspalomas isn’t just about golf and relaxing on the beach. Explore the islands volcanic terrain and marvel at the amazing scenery on a jeep safari. The whole family will love the theme parks around Maspalomas. There are Aqualand and Ocean Park waterparks, Sioux City which is a replica wild west town, Holiday World funfair and go-karting at Gran Karting World and Karting Maspalomas.

Sioux City Gran Canaria

 Both children and adults will be amazed by the wonderful sights on a whale and dolphin spotting boat trip from Campo de Golf. Spot pilate whales, sperm whales and dolphins as you sail around the islands beautiful rugged coastline. There are many excursions available from here including trips to the Guanche Caves, the village of Mogan and to the beaches of Maspalomas, Playa del Ingles, Fataga Ravine and La Charca Nature Reserve. Experience top class shopping at the Veradero Melenaras complex where you can purchase anything from perfumes, designer fashion, sports goods and electrical goods and enjoy a meal at one of the many restaurants here.      

Gran Canaria’s southern region enjoys good weather all year round making it the ideal destination for your family cheap package holidays. Even the months between December and March enjoy temperatures which rarely fall below 18C.

Whether you are looking for a golfing holiday, beach holiday or a family holiday there are always lots of holiday deals on offer to the Canary Islands throughout the internet.

Arrecife is centrally located on the south coast of Lanzarote in the Canary Islands. This small city is the capital of the island and is set around a natural harbour, surrounded by small islands and reefs. With beautiful sandy beaches, Arrecife offers an authentic experience of the island and is much less ‘touristy’ than other resorts on the island. At the centre of the city is the

Charco de San Gines

Charco de San Gines, a saltwater lagoon surrounded by quaint fisherman’s houses. Arrecife has town houses which are open to the public, nice parks and the main street of the city has a good choice of restaurants, cafes, bars and shops. Don’t forget to visit the street market where you can buy all kinds of traditional souvenirs which are designed and made locally.

With an EU Blue Flag for cleanliness Arrecife beach is the perfect place for lazing on the beach and enjoying a refreshing dip in the sea. Of all the

Arrecife

 Arrecife beaches, El Reducto is regarded as one of the best beaches on Lanzarote. With golden sands, crystal clear water, a shady promenade which links to El Cable beach, cafes and an abundance of water sports on offer this stretch of beach is perfect for families. Other beache resorts within easy reach of Arrecife include the quiet Playa El Cable, Puerto del Carmen, Playa de Porcillos, Matagordas and Costa Teguise.

Away from the beaches there are lots of things to do and see by using Arrecife as your base. To the north of the city are the amazing volcanic lava

Cuerva de los Verdes

caves at Cuerva de los Verdes and Jameos de Agua, and the quaint fishing villages of Orzola and Arrieta. Travel inland to the town of Tahiche and the village of Tias and enjoy the traditional Canarian restaurants and bars. Teguise is the former capital of Lanzarote and is well worth a visit as is the cactus garden at Guatiza. The coastline of Arrecife is dotted with small islands which offer a great escape from the hustle and bustle of the city and it’s beaches. Take an island boat tour and enjoy some snorkelling, swimming, fishing at the beaches of the islands you visit and exploring their little villages. For history enthusiasts Arrecife has museums devoted to a range of subjects including archaeology, science, art and crafts.

Holiday packages to Arrecife should include a visit to the old city quarter where there are historic churches and beautiful traditional stone houses which have remained unchanged for generations.  

The city plays host to many lively festivals which you may be lucky enough to encounter on your bargain holidays to Lanzarote.

Los Gigantes, known as The Cliffs of the Giants, is located on the western coast of Tenerife in the Canary Islands. This amazing resort is set in a rocky cove on the Atlantic Sea.

Los Gigantes cliffs

Known for it’s unique vertical cliffs which rise to over 2,500 feet above the sea, Los Gigantes is a great a great base for holidays in the Canary Islands. At the foot of the cliffs is the resorts small black volcanic sand beach which is great for families with children as it doesn’t get crowded. The larger Blue Flag beach Playa de la Arena is just a couple of miles from Los Gigantes and is regarded by many people as the best beach in the area. Next to the beach is the busy marina where expensive yachts mingle with fishing boats. Here you can take a boat trip which is probably the best way to view the amazing cliffs and to spot the dolphins and whales that swim in the Atlantic. Deep-sea fishing, sailing and diving are also available at the marina. For a great family excursion take a trip on a restored galleon or marvel at the fantastic marine life on a glass-bottom boat ride. For the more adventurous the resorts rocky terrain is perfect for mountaineering, climbing, mountain biking and hiking. Because the sea is sheltered by the cliffs here it is perfect for diving, especially from November to February when the clear blue sea is lovely and warm. 

Los Gigantes has a pedestrianised centre with restaurants, bars and shops which are based around the old church. However as the resort is built into the cliff face the steep narrow streets which lead up from the seafront to the main town can offer quite a challenge.

Puerto Santiago is a quiet modern resort which was once a small fishing village and is the closest resort to Los Gigantes. If you are feeling energetic then you can stroll along the scenic cliff walk to Puerto Santiago which takes about half an hour and offers amazing views out to sea. Across the bay from Los Gigantes is the historic town of Garachico which is well worth a visit when on your family holidays. Almost destroyed by an earthquake the town is home to the largest and oldest Dragon Tree in the Canaries. These trees are only found on the Canary Islands and are believed to hold mystic powers and red sap (dragons blood) which was once used for healing and embalming.

Garachico Dragon Tree

For a perfect family holiday to Los Gigantes look-out for the many holiday deals that are always available to the beautiful Canary Islands, you won’t be disappointed.

Lanzarote is one of the most popular islands in the Canaries. This isn’t suprising as the island has top class resorts, sandy beaches with crystal clear blue waters and an all year round warm sunny climate. Located north of Fuerteventura and close to the coast of Africa, Lanzarote boasts a beautiful lunar landscape with volcanoes and beautiful colourful rock formations. If you are looking for something a bit less touristy then you should try the

Arrecife

 islands capital Arrecife. This small and very friendly city is centred around a beautiful natural harbour.

You will be spoilt for choice when it comes to Lanzarote beaches. The island’s capital Arrecife has a lovely lively beach whilst near Playa Blanca you will find wild unspoilt beaches at Papagayo. There are also excellent beaches at Puerto del Carmen and at the quieter resorts of Playa de los Pocillos and Matagorda. Watersports are on offer at all the beaches in Lanzarote, especially in the Costa Teguise area where you can enjoy scuba diving, windsurfing, parasailing, kitesurfing and much much more.

Timanfaya National Park

Lanzarote offers much more than just beaches and beautiful surroundings. Timanfaya National Park is home to amazing Volcanic landscapes and there are fascinating lava caves at Cuerva de los Verdes and Los Jameos del Agua. There are no end of quaint villages to visit including the inland villages of Yaiza and Tias with their charming traditional whitewashed buildings and the fishing villages of Arrieta and Orzola in the north of the island. Not forgetting something for the children to enjoy, there is the waterpark at Costa Teguise and the Rancho Texas theme park near Puerto del Carmen which both make a great day out for the whole family.

There are lots of different ways to explore Lanzarote when on your

Lanzarote camels

holidays. Take a hiking tour and discover the mountains, National park and volcanic caves, make the most of the perfect all year round conditions for cycling, enjoy the beautiful countryside on horse-back, experience a camel tour across the desert landscape or discover off-the-beaten track beaches and villages. A popular way to explore the island whilst on your direct holidays is by boat with many different types of trip on offer. These include glass bottom boat trips, tours by submarine, catamaran excursions and if you want a touch of luxury, private yacht charters.

With more than 300 days of sunshine every year you can’t fail to enjoy one of the late deals to the island of Lanzarote where you can relax and enjoy the beautiful sun blessed beaches, along with everything else the island has to offer.